Periodontal Pathogen May Interfere With Conception In Women

Gum Disease Bacteria May Affect Fertility in Women, Study Suggests

Women trying to get pregnant may need to pay closer attention to their gum health. A new study suggests that a common oral bacterium linked to gum disease could be interfering with the ability to conceive.

Though oral infections have long been tied to general health risks, their impact on fertility has only recently come into focus. Research from the University of Helsinki indicates that the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a known periodontal pathogen, may significantly reduce the chances of becoming pregnant.

“Women in their reproductive years should not overlook their dental health,” emphasized Dr. Susanna Paju, periodontist and researcher at the University of Helsinki. “Routine periodontal screenings should be part of preconception care,” she told Science Daily.

Study at a Glance

The research examined 256 women from southern Finland who had stopped using birth control and were actively trying to conceive. The participants, aged 19 to 42 (average age 29.2), were all non-pregnant and in generally good health.

Each subject received a comprehensive oral and gynecological exam. Samples of saliva, blood serum, and vaginal swabs were collected to test for bacterial vaginosis and evaluate oral bacteria levels, specifically those associated with periodontal conditions.

Researchers monitored the participants for one year to assess whether or not they became pregnant during the study period.

Notable Findings

The study uncovered a clear pattern: Porphyromonas gingivalis was significantly more common in the saliva of women who did not conceive within 12 months. These women also exhibited elevated antibody levels against the bacterium in both saliva and serum.

Importantly, the results were consistent even after accounting for variables such as:

• Smoking

• Age

• Socioeconomic background

• Bacterial vaginosis

• Clinical gum disease

• Pregnancy history

Women who tested positive for P. gingivalis and had high antibody levels faced a threefold higher risk of not getting pregnant. When combined with clinical signs of periodontitis, the risk increased to fourfold.

While the study didn’t establish a direct causal mechanism, Dr. Paju noted that “even minor, subclinical infections in the gums may have systemic consequences that can affect fertility.”

Why This Matters

Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide and often leads to emotionally and financially taxing treatments. These new findings highlight an often-overlooked connection between oral health and reproductive wellness.

Chronic periodontitis, the advanced stage of gum disease, is not only a leading cause of tooth loss but is also recognized as one of the six most prevalent health conditions globally. It’s caused by bacterial infections that destroy gum tissue and the underlying bone.

Recommendations for Women Planning Pregnancy

Dr. Paju encourages all women—especially those considering pregnancy—to practice excellent oral hygiene and visit the dentist regularly. “Preventing gum disease might be more important than we previously understood, especially for women looking to conceive.”

This research supports a broader understanding of how oral health can influence overall systemic health—and reinforces the idea that a healthy mouth may be an important part of a healthy pregnancy journey.